Wearing hijab is not an essential religious practice in Islam and it can't come under the Constitution's Article 25 (Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion), Advocate General Prabhuling Navadagi argued in the Karnataka High Court on Monday.
He said that petitioner students have approached the court not just seeking permission to wear headscarves, but want to wear hijabs to attend classes as part of their religious right.
Contending that the petitioners can't press for right to wear a hijab under Article 25, he said that the provision doesn't state it as a fundamental right.
"It is impossible to define religion. Article 25 does not protect the practice of the religion but, which is essential religious practice, so they narrowed it to essential religious practices. In Sabarimala case also, they used the word 'essential'," he said.
The core religious practices, those things without which any religion is no religion, shall be considered as religious practices which could be considered under the right to religion, he said.
The practice which is prevented and feared to cause fundamental change in the character of religion is essential practice, he said, adding that essential practice is what causes religion to vanish if the practice is not allowed.
Food and dress shouldn't be considered as essential part, Navadagi said, and went on to quote Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's statement of not allowing religion into the institutions and how it should be consciously kept out, which could be in the present context of religious symbols.
He also cited imposition of religion on others and noted when the Parliament discussed adoption of secularism, it was argued if is it necessary to have religious rights? The Parliament, at the time of throwing open of temples to all Hindus, stated that social reform must be brought to all religions.
The Advocate General maintained that the question of whether wearing of hijab is an essential religious practice must be settled and then other issues could be addressed. He reiterated that the petitioners simply would not come to the court with a request to permit them to wear headscarves, but seeking they be permitted to wear it as a religious practice.
At this, the bench questioned Navadagi as to what is the stand of the government on wearing of hijab, and if the government order is not specifying anything on hijab, what is the stand - can hijab can be permitted or not?
"If institutions are permitting students with hijab, will the government has any problem?" it asked.
The bench also asked that the petitioners are seeking to wear same colour headscarf as the uniform, can be treated as part of the uniform? If they are wearing dupattas, can they wear it around their neck?
As he said that complete freedom is being given to the College Development Committees, and as a matter of principle, students are proposed to have secular outlook and can't display religious symbols, the bench asked whether wearing cloth around neck is religious?
He said that it is left to the discretion of the institutions, and they would find difficulties in matters of discipline.
(With inputs from IANS)
