Education, as the foundation of human development and societal advancement, has undergone significant transformations throughout history. The changes in educational practices have been influenced by shifting needs, values, and progress of different societies. From the traditional Gurukul system in ancient India to the contemporary corporate school setup, the methods of delivering knowledge have gone through substantial changes. Each educational system is a reflection of the culture, technology, and properties of its era.
Recently rediscovered after 800 years, Nalanda University exemplifies the Gurukul system with a holistic curriculum and strong teacher-student bonds. Its residential setup fostered community and practical learning, drawing scholars from diverse cultures and offering lessons for modern education's holistic development. However, in this pursuit of progress, we often overlook the profound wisdom embedded in the ancient educational systems. Among these, the Gurukul system of India stands out as a beacon of holistic education, fostering not only intellectual growth but also physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Its absence in today's educational framework has left a palpable void, underscoring the pressing need to revisit and reintegrate its timeless principles.
This article delves into the profound implications of Gurukul's system's absence and explores how its revival could address the deficiencies of modern education, fostering a more balanced and humane approach to learning.
What Is A Gurukul?
The concept of "Gurukul" originates from the beautiful blend of "guru," which translates to teacher or master, and "kul," which represents family or home. It embodies a unique educational setup where students, lovingly referred to as "shishyas," reside with the guru in a serene ashram or hermitage, often nestled in peaceful natural surroundings. The setting nurtured a holistic learning experience where education seamlessly blended into everyday life, transcending the boundaries of traditional classrooms.
The essence of the Gurukul system is deeply ingrained in the wisdom of the Vedas, the ancient scriptures of Hinduism. It fostered the holistic growth of the body, mind, and soul, guided by the virtues of Dharma (righteousness), Artha (purpose), Kama (desire), and Moksha (lliberation). The ultimate aim was to attain self-realization and enlightenment, shaping individuals capable of leading a life that is balanced, ethical, and fulfilling.
The exclusive environment cultivated a strong connection between the revered mentor and devoted disciple, enabling tailored support and tutelage. Students are customarily enrolled in a Gurukal during their formative years, typically at the tender age of eight, and remain under its guidance for numerous years, often until they transition into adulthood.
In ancient Indian Gurkuls, students received a holistic education encompassing Vedic studies, philosophy, and ethics, focusing on spiritual and moral growth. They learned Sanskrit, classical literature, and grammar to enhance their linguistic skills. Mathematics and astronomy were integral, reflecting advanced scientific knowledge. Physical education, including yoga and martial arts, ensured physical fitness. Arts and crafts, such as music, dance, and painting, fostered creativity. On the other hand, contemporary corporate schools prioritize academic success and competition, frequently overlooking the development of students' personalities, ethical education, and the study of moral sciences.
What Makes Gurukul Different From Corporate Schools?
You might wonder what makes a Gurkul significantly different from modern corporate schools. The traditional concept of a Gurkul has largely disappeared. Today's education system promotes relentless competition among students, creating a perpetual rat race. It often neglects personality development, ethical training, and the cultivation of the moral sciences.
Holistic Education: Gurukuls focus on intellectual, physical, emotional, and spiritual growth, while corporate schools emphasize academic achievement and competition.
Teacher-Student Relationship: Gurukuls foster close, mentor-like relationships for overall development; corporate schools have more formal, classroom-based interactions.
Learning Environment: Gurukuls provide immersive, residential settings promoting continuous learning and community; corporate schools have structured, non-residential settings.
Curriculum and Assessment: Gurukuls offer diverse subjects and prioritize understanding over exams; corporate schools focus on standard academics and frequent testing.
Stress Levels and Extracurricular Activities: Gurukuls have lower stress due to fewer exams and integrate extracurricular activities; corporate schools often have higher stress and secondary focus on non-academic talents.
The Great Nalanda University
Recently, the world's oldest university, Nalanda, which has been lost for 800 years, has been rediscovered. This ancient institution provides profound insights into the Gurkul system of education, offering valuable lessons that can be applied to modern educational systems and schools.
Nalanda university, established in the 5th century CE in Bihar, India, was one of the world's first residential universities and a prime example of the Gurukul system of holistic education. This renowned center of learning attracted scholars from across Asia, including China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Turkey, Sri lanka and Southeast Asia. Nalanda's extensive curriculum covered subjects such as logic, grammar, medicine, metaphysics, philosophy and Buddhist scriptures, providing a well rounded education that prepared students for various aspects of life.
Central to Nalanda's Gurkul system was the teacher-student relationship. Teachers, or gurus, served not only as instructors but also as mentors, guiding students through their academic and personal growth. This close bond facilitates deeper understanding and knowledge transmission.
As a fully residential university, Nalanda created an immersive environment where students and teachers lived on campus, fostering continuous learning and a strong sense of community. The emphasis on practical and experiential learning encouraged students to engage in discussions, debates , and hands-on activities, applying theoretical knowledge to real life situations and developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Additionally, Nalanda's inclusivity and diversity attracted scholars from various cultures and backgrounds and promoted mutual respect and enriched learning experience. By drawing inspiration from Nalanda University's Gurukul system, modern educational institutions can create a more holistic, inclusive, and enriching learning environment, preparing students not only for academic success but also for meaningful contributions to society while decreasing stress and promoting well-being.
What's It Like In A Semi-Gurukul System As A Teenager?
This topic deeply interests me because I had the opportunity to experience the Gurukul system firsthand by attending Isha Home School, which follows a semi-Gurukul model. Isha Home School, established by Sadhguru in 2005, is nestled in the serene Velliangiri Mountains near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The school integrates his educational philosophy into its daily teaching practices.
Combining the best elements of home and school, the institution creates a nurturing learning environment. Each home is supervised by house parents and teachers, fostering a multi-age, sibling-like atmosphere where students learn from both their teachers and peers. The dynamic curriculum, free from examination pressures, promotes inspired teaching and passionate learning as most of the teachers are volunteers.
Initially, adjusting to this new system was challenging, but after about a month, I adapted and found the experience incredibly rewarding. I learned so many things I never knew I would be capable of.
The Gurukul system significantly enhanced my independence, a crucial life skill. Previously, I relied heavily on my parents, but this experience taught me to manage myself. Tasks such as washing our own plates and clothes highlighted the importance of self-care and self-reliance. Sharing a bathroom with another person required us to plan and organize our time efficiently.
My time at Isha Home School was an enriching experience, filled with nutritious meals and a unique schedule. Our day began at 5:15 AM with soothing music, followed by athletics or electives like Bharatanatyam. Yoga and lively walks to breakfast followed. Classes emphasized visual learning, such as biology outdoors. Assemblies featured influential speakers like Sadhguru and celebrated artists. Evening games, "Presence Time" for reflection, and chanting mantras helped us unwind. We had a strict sleep schedule to ensure productivity. Supportive house parents and a vibrant community made the experience unforgettable, fostering personal growth and lifelong friendships.
One of the most compelling aspects of the Gurukul system was the respect and enjoyment of education. Unlike the corporate school system, where education often feels like a business or merely a means to an end, we genuinely valued learning. For instance, biology classes were conducted in natural settings, making concepts more intuitive and memorable. Additionally, the school did not burden us with excessive homework and exams, reducing stress and fostering a genuine interest in studies, which led to better health and academic performance.
The Gurukul system also instilled a sense of gratitude and mindfulness. Before meals, we prayed, which enhanced our mindfulness. Serving each other's food promoted patience and cooperation. The system's holistic approach also nurtured our other talents, showing us that academics are not the only path to success. This realization made us healthier and happier overall.Not only did everything run in an orderly manner and on time, but there were also specific rules and routines that instilled discipline. For instance, punctuality was essential; if we didn't arrive for meals on time, we wouldn't be served. Another enriching experience was our daily "presence time" at 6 PM for 20 minutes. This period allowed us to reflect on the day and cleanse our minds through chanting, significantly enhancing our mindfulness. Additionally, we were placed in houses with a mix of age groups, which greatly improved my communication skills. Living with juniors and seniors created an environment where we learned from each other. This experience was invaluable in fostering mutual respect and understanding. Overall, the structured and mindful practices of the Gurukul system contributed significantly to my personal growth and development.
Our communication skills improved as we participated in environmental initiatives like the Save Soil movement and engaged in various extracurricular activities, such as Bharatanatyam, music, and Kalaripayattu, a traditional martial art. These activities revealed hidden talents; for example, I discovered my passion for dance, which has since become a significant part of my life.
Overall, the Gurukul system at Isha Home School provided a comprehensive educational experience that went beyond academics, fostering independence, mindfulness, and a deep appreciation for learning and personal growth.
In conclusion, the evolution of educational practices reflects society's changing needs and values. Modern corporate schools emphasize competition and academics, but the ancient Gurukul system, exemplified by Nalanda University, offers a holistic approach. This system nurtures intellectual, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being, fostering a deeper respect for learning and personal growth. My experience at Isha Home School, a semi-Gurukul model, highlights its benefits, including enhanced independence, mindfulness, and talent discovery. Integrating Gurukul principles into modern education can reduce stress, promote well-being, and foster a genuine love for learning, preparing students for academic success and meaningful societal contributions.
[Disclaimer: This article is by Sadhana Kakarla, a student of Oakridge International School in Hyderabad. She was born in the United States and attended Monroe Township Middle School in New Jersey before transitioning to Isha Home School to experience the Gurukul system. Views expressed are the author's own.]
