As darkness falls, vigilantes armed with automatic rifles emerge to patrol the streets of Bujumbura, a city plagued by killings and violence as Burundi's crisis deepens.
For months, the trill of cicadas in the tropical night has been interrupted by sporadic gunfire and explosions across the capital, the centre of the turmoil sparked by President Pierre Nkurunziza's bid for a third term in office.
Thousands initially protested against the president and opposed his re-election in a disputed July vote. Now some have formed vigilante units, coming out at night in tracksuits and jeans clutching AK-47 rifles as they patrol.
"If the police shoot at us, then, yes, we will fight back," said the leader of one group, giving his name only as Fred. "All hotspot neighbourhoods are protecting themselves in this manner."
Residents and vigilantes in other districts confirmed this.
It is the first time a foreign journalist has been allowed to follow such a group, securing images from Bujumbura that will stoke international worries about a new conflict erupting in a nation where an ethnically charged civil war ended just a decade ago after 300,000 people were killed.
The region remains haunted by the 1994 genocide in next-door Rwanda, in which 800,000 people, mostly members of the Tutsi minority and moderates among majority Hutus, were massacred.
Western powers say it must not be repeated in Burundi, which has the same ethnic mix. More than 200 people have been killed in violence since April, although rivalries have tended to run along political rather than ethnic lines so far.
Burundi's government, which dismisses suggestions of a new war, has described its armed opponents as "terrorists", while the police say some "armed criminals" come out at night.
In the latest violence, at least four people were killed in Bujumbura over the weekend. Protesters in one district denounced Nkurunziza's third term, although a court had ruled before his re-election that he could serve five more years.
Vigilante leader Fred said he and his men had taken part in anti-government protests that erupted in April but they formed patrols in their area when the police began to hunt them down.
"I can't say that this is a rebel movement, and no one is claiming that," he said, dressed in a Ralph Lauren shirt and pulling a white baseball cap over his eyes to mask his face as he spoke to a Reuters camera.
"Since the government has been killing people, we decided to come up with this initiative to protect ourselves," said Fred, flanked by half a dozen young men with rifles, some with balaclavas and others with improvised masks.
Top government officials have been assassinated, while the bodies of opposition figures have also been found on the street. The government denies any extra-judicial killings.
The emergence of organised armed groups highlights disintegrating security in the capital and shows a marked change from the impromptu barricades of stones and tree trunks set up to bar access into residential districts early in the crisis.
